US Supreme Court decision ATT. v. HULTEEN Free Essay Example, 2000 words

US Supreme Court Case: AT & T. v. Hulteen 556_ (2009) (No- 07-543 Introduction The instant case is a United States Supreme Court case in which the primary issue was to determine whether the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), 42 U. S.C. Â § 2000e(k) is violated by an employer, when pensions are calculated on the basis of accrual rule, giving less retirement credit for pregnancy than for medical leave (AT & T Corp v. Hulteen 1). The matter in controversy is clear, if the employer does not give an employee full pension benefit by excluding the time of pregnancy leave on the ground that when the employee took pregnancy leave, the PDA Act was not operative, Can the employee file a suit for discrimination? Can the employee enforce credited leave time for such absence? Can the employee get relief under U. S. law and enforce greater pension benefit? What is the present law with regard to this matter? To find answers to the above questions, a research and in depth analysis of the case in h and would surely prove to be of great help, as discussed in the latter context of the paper. 2.We will write a custom essay sample on US Supreme Court decision AT&T. v. HULTEEN or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The Dispute Before proceeding further into the case, knowledge of the facts of the case is essential. The petitioner of this case was the American Telegraph & Telephone Company (AT & T), whereas the respondents consisted of individual respondents in the form of Noreen Hulteen, Eleanora Collet, Elizabeth Snyder, Linda Porter, and the collective-bargaining representative of the employees, the CWA or the Communications Workers of America (AT & T Corp v. Hulteen 3). AT & T provided pensions and other benefits to its employees on the basis of seniority system, relying upon the term of employment, which was equivalent to service at the company minus uncredited leave time. For a period extending from 1960 to mid-1970s the employees on disability leave got full service leave but those who took personal leave, which also included leaves for pregnancy, received a maximum service credit of 30 days. The respondents of this case received less service credit for pregnancy leave than they should have received , if they had taken a leave for disability. Respondent Noreen Hulteen received seven months less credit, Eleanora Collet received six months less credit, while Elizabeth Snyder and Linda Porter received two months less payment. If the total term of employment was not so decreased, they would receive greater pension benefit (AT & T Corp v. Hulteen 2-3). The individual respondents of this case and the CWA filed charges of discrimination against AT & T with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

High Intensity Interval Training Exercise Essay - 1707 Words

A six-month study concludes that the traditional aerobics class or workout beats walking. However, the walking that was studied in this investigation was steady state walking, not high intensity interval training. For the study, headed by Gordon Bell of the Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 128 sedentary women and men ages 27 to 65 were recruited. None had known disease. After six months, subjects in a supervised aerobics program had far greater reductions in systolic (the top number) blood pressure; perceived exertion; and peak oxygen uptake. Do 10,000 steps a day keep the doctor away? We gradually built up the number of steps that the walking group did until they were prescribed 10,000 steps per day to be completed every day of the week, says Bell. They completed 92 percent of this prescription. The adherence rate was not surprising, since pedometer use is easy and requires very little planning. The aerobics fitness group, on the other han d, had heart rate monitoring during exercise plus a few other requirements. Both groups experienced fitness benefits such as lower body mass index. But those in the traditional aerobics program had a greater improvement in fitness than did the walkers. It s crucial to note that the walking for this study was mere walking to reach a total of 10,000 steps a day. 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Importance of Healthy Cyber Eco-system

Question: Discuss the importance of a healthy cyber eco system. Answer: Similar to the natural ecosystem, cyber ecosystem also comprises different components that interact between them for different purposes. Therefore in order to protect the data that resides in those devices and components it is important to protect those devices by providing distributed security mechanisms to those devices. A healthy cyber eco system provides several capabilities to a net work of computing devices. Like automation, situational awareness, risk based database management, monitoring of users behavior based on specific business rules and authentication (Hiller, 2013). As todays security cyber security mechanisms are not capable of providing integrated security mechanisms for all the devices in a network. It is able to provide automation to the speed of response according to the speed of attack. A healthy cyber eco system is capable of employing automation strategy to the local defenses that are supported by global and mobile defenses at different levels. This strategy enables the users and organizations to sustain from different security attacks by providing rapid incident detection and response mechanism.in addition to that it also helps in taking preventive mechanisms proactively to protect the cyber environment (Guan, Zhang Zhang, 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that, a healthy cyber ecosystem is helpful in developing cyber resilience. Hence it helps different components to powerfully resist different threats from accessing the network, react and recover against the severe security threats to the network. In addition to this, interoperability is another advantage of having a healthy cyber eco system. This provides the network; the ability of distributed threat detection across the devices so that they can collaborate with each other to defend the system from the insider attacks, remote network based attacks and different physical attacks. The defense system in a healthy cyber eco system can anticipate any complex security attack on the IT infrastructure and take action against it with agility and if affected then recover rapidly. Another building block of a healthy cyber eco system is authentication. Authentication is one of the crucial parts in cyber security so that it can be ensured that, while communicating and exchanging data between two parties in a cyber-environment both the parties are accountable for their actions in the whole process (Guan, Zhang Zhang, 2013). All this attributes of a healthy cyber eco system helps the users in the environment to be self-aware, so that they can gather information about the security properties and draw conclusions and decisions based on the analysis of those information. Moreover, it ensures the secure exchange of the data to authenticate and identify the all the participants to minimize the intrusion and the impact of the insiders attacks (Craigen Whyte, 2013). A cyber eco system with such abilities becomes self-defending infrastructure that is able to take more risks and can be more exposed to different security threats. in addition to this a healthy eco system can provide mutually reinforced security, reliability and usability of the components involved in the cyber eco system. References Asamoah, C., Tao, L., Gai, K., Jiang, N. (2016, June). Powering Filtration Process of Cyber Security Ecosystem Using Knowledge Graph. In2016 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud)(pp. 240-246). IEEE Craigen, D., Whyte, D. (2013). Securing Canada's Information-Technology Infrastructure: Context, Principles, and Focus Areas of Cybersecurity Research.Technology Innovation Management Review,3(7), 12. Guan, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, S. (2013). Structure Evolution Mechanism Analysis of Ecosystem of Cyber-society Based on Hyper Cycle Theory.International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology,6(5), 145-158 Hiller, J. S. (2013, June). Legal aspects of a cyber immune system. InCyber Conflict (CyCon), 2013 5th International Conference on(pp. 1-15). IEEE.

To Kill A Mocking Bird Atticus Finch free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Atticus Finch is a widowman or 50 and the male parent or two kids. His character can outdo be summed up as a adult male whose character is about the complete antonym of the general population of the town and so, many white people who lived in the southern provinces of America. He is a adult male without bias and racial hate and is a charitable adult male of strong ethical motives. He brings up his kids the manner he sees right, and defends the inexperienced person represented by Tom Robinson in the novel. Atticus is a adult male who knows no bias or racial hatred and this is what makes him alone in the novel. Contrary to the general feeling of the town, Atticus sees past a adult male s color and looks into the deepness of his character. In the beginning of the novel, on page 34, he tells Scout You neer truly understand a individual until you consider things from his point of position until you climb into his tegument and walk about in it. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill A Mocking Bird Atticus Finch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He manages to make this even though it means traveling against most of his neighbors and his household. Which shows that Atticus is a adult male of strong ethical motives and rules and a adult male who will stand up for what he believes is right. When asked by his kids why he chose to support Tom Robinson when he knew he would most probably non win he replied to them that is he hadn T, he wouldn t be able to b elieve in himself any longer. He chose to support Tom Robinson because to take non to would be traveling against all his personal ethical motives and rules. Because of these strong ethical motives and rules, he is greatly respected by those in Maycomb who count Miss Maudie comments upon Atticus We trust him to make right. Even those who don t to the full agree with his non-racist attitude regard him. Not merely is he respected for his character though, as his kids find out. Jem and Scout, particularly, are disappointed that Atticus doesn T seem to make anything the other work forces in the town bash. He doesn t drink, he doesn t fume and he doesn t drama athletics. Yet when a rabid Canis familiaris enters the street and is likely to endanger the townsfolk, Atticus is called upon to cover with it. Here we learn along with the kids that Atticus is known as One Shot Finch for his singular ability with the rifle to hit about any mark in the first shooting. This is yet another illustration of how Atticus is called upon when a occupation needs to be done. Whether it be supporting the assailable or protecting the town, the town knows that Attic us can be relied upon. Atticus attempts to learn these things to his kids. He brings them up the manner he knows how even though it goes against his ain sisters ethical motives. ANd so we learn the adult male that is Atticus finch